Are Patients Satisfied with Government Health Care? A Study on Patient’s Level of Satisfaction and Their Perception of Violence Against Doctors at A Government Hospital in North Karnataka, India

Background: The level of patient satisfaction must be evaluated periodically to assess the quality of health care provided by the government and to improve health care delivery in developing nations. The purpose of the study is to determine the level of patient satisfaction and their perception of violence against doctors among in-patients attending government teaching hospital. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study among in-patients of government teaching hospital in North Karnataka. A predesigned structured Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire –18 (PSQ–18), along with self-framed violence questionnaire was used as study tools. Descriptive Statistics, ANOVA & Kruskal - Wallis tests were done using SPSS version 16. Results: The mean score for overall satisfaction was 3.72± 0.387. The mean patient satisfaction was highest for interpersonal manner (4.00 ±0.72) & the least was accessibility and convenience (3.52±0.58). Among the study subjects47.5% had heard about the violence against the doctors, 33.5% said violence against doctors is on rise. Violence against doctors was unethical according to 57.5% and 60% said it must summon punish-ment. Conclusions: The overall patient satisfaction was good; accessibility and convenience need to be improved. The study helps in understanding patient’s needs in various dimensions of health care.

Relationship among self-efficacy, quality of care and quality of life for people with physical disabilities / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the status of self-efficacy, quality of care and quality of life of people with physical disabilities, and analyze the relationship among them. MethodsFrom January, 2019 to December, 2020, 357 people with physical disabilities in Shandong were selected with cluster stratified random sampling, and all the participants were investigated with a general questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of Life-Disability Scales, General Self-Efficacy Scale and World Health Organization Quality of Care and Support Scale-Disability Scale on internet. ResultsA total of 357 questionnaires were collected, in which 350 were valid. The total score was (115.00±20.70) for quality of life, (23.33±5.78) for self-efficacy, and (50.43±10.56) for quality of care. The quality of life and its each domain was positively correlated with self-efficacy (r > 0.282, P < 0.01), quality of care, care information acquisition, care giving and care environment (r > 0.369, P < 0.01). Employment, self-efficacy and quality of care associated with the quality of life (t > 4.386, P < 0.001); employment, self-efficacy, care giving and care environment associated with the physiological, psychological and environment domains of the quality of life (t > 2.926, P < 0.01); parents as main caregivers, employment, self-efficacy, care giving and care environment associated with social relationships domain of the quality of life (|t| > 2.525, P < 0.05); parents as main caregivers, employment, care giving and care environment associated with the disability domain of the quality of life (|t| > 2.209, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe quality of life needs to be improved for the people with physical disabilities. Self-efficacy and quality of care may impact the quality of life; and it is needed to focus on the people with physical disabilities who are unemployed and whose parents are the main caregivers.

Empleo de fuzzy TOPSIS en el tratamiento de seudoartrosis con células madre

Introducción: Son muy escasos los estudios publicados sobre el efecto de infiltraciones con células madres en seudoartrosis aséptica posquirúrgicas. Asimismo, los métodos tradicionales de tratamiento coadyuvante para favorecer la consolidación (esteroides anabólicos y bifosfonatos) representan elevados riesgos, rechazo e incluso abandono del tratamiento por parte del paciente. Objetivo: Jerarquizar las variables más influyentes para el tratamiento con células madre en la seudoartrosis aséptica posquirúrgica en el servicio de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" del municipio de Guantánamo en el período de enero 2022 a enero 2023, con el empleo de la herramienta fuzzy TOPSIS. Método: Se aplicó un estudio descriptivo, con el apoyo de los métodos de proceso de jerarquía analítica difusa (fuzzy AHP) y técnica para el cumplimiento de órdenes por similitud con la solución ideal difusa (fuzzy TOPSIS), con datos del departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología del hospital antes mencionado. El universo estuvo constituido por 50 pacientes, la muestra del estudio quedó conformada por n ꓿ 44. Resultados: Se pudieron obtener las principales variables que intervienen en un tratamiento con células madre en la seudoartrosis para garantizar el éxito en la implementación de dicho tratamiento, ellas fueron: trazo de la fractura, causa de la seudoartrosis, tipo de terapia empleada, tiempo de consolidación y grado de consolidación. Conclusiones: La jerarquización de las variables obtenidas constituirá una guía donde los servicios de Ortopedia y Traumatología del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", del municipio de Guantánamo, podrá incidir en la efectividad del tratamiento con células madre en la seudoartrosis.

Introduction: Currently there are very few published studies concerning the effect of implantations with stem cells in post-surgical aseptic pseudoarthrosis. In addition, the traditional methods of adjuvant treatment in order to improve efficacy (anabolic steroids and bisphosphonates) represent high risks, rejection and even treatment abandonment by patients. Objective: Hierarchalising the most influential variables for treatment with stem cells in post-surgical aseptic pseudoarthrosis in the Orthopedics and Traumatology service of the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", Guantánamo, from January 2022 to January 2023, with the application of the TOPSIS fuzzy method. Method: A descriptive study was applied, with the application of Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy process methods (Fuzzy AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (fuzzy TOPSIS), with information gathered from the Orthopedics and Traumatology department of the aforementioned hospital. The universe of study consisted of 50 patients. The study sample included n꓿44. Results: It was possible to obtain the main variables involved in the stem cell treatment for pseudarthrosis, variables with great contribution in the success of implementation of such treatment, which were as follow: fracture trace, cause of pseudarthrosis, type of therapy used, time of bone consolidation and degree in bone consolidation. Conclusions: The hierarchization of the variables obtained will constitute a guide where the Orthopedics and Traumatology services of the Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", in Guantánamo municipality, will be able to influence in the efficacy of stem cell treatment for pseudarthrosis.

Introdução: Existem poucos estudos publicados sobre o efeito de infiltrações com células-tronco em pseudoartrose asséptica pós-cirúrgica. Da mesma forma, os métodos tradicionais de tratamento adjuvante para promover a consolidação (esteróides anabolizantes e bisfosfonatos) representam riscos elevados, rejeição e até abandono do tratamento por parte do paciente. Objetivo: Priorizar as variáveis de maior influência para o tratamento com células-tronco na pseudoartrose asséptica pós-cirúrgica no serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto" do município de Guantánamo no período de janeiro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023, com a utilização da ferramenta fuzzy TOPSIS. Método: Foi aplicado um estudo descritivo, com apoio dos métodos de processo hierárquico analítico fuzzy (fuzzy AHP) e da técnica de atendimento de pedidos por similaridade com a solução fuzzy ideal (fuzzy TOPSIS), com dados do Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do referido hospital. O universo foi constituído por 50 doentes, a amostra do estudo foi constituída por n꓿44. Resultados: Foi possível obter as principais variáveis que intervêm num tratamento com células estaminais na pseudoartrose para garantir o sucesso na implementação do referido tratamento, elas foram eles: linha de fratura, causa da pseudoartrose, tipo de terapia utilizada, tempo de consolidação e grau de consolidação. Conclusões: A hierarquização das variáveis obtidas constituirá um guia onde os serviços de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital General Docente "Dr. Agostinho Neto", município de Guantánamo, poderá influenciar a eficácia do tratamento com células-tronco na pseudoartrose.

Traducción y adaptación de la Escala de Continuidad de Servicios de Salud Mental de Alberta en un contexto latinoamericano

Introducción: La continuidad de atención es considerada como un proceso que involucra una atención ordenada, un movimiento ininterrumpido de personas entre los diversos elementos del sistema de prestación de servicios. No existe evidencia suficiente en cuanto a instrumentos de medición en Iberoamérica. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio consiste en describir el proceso de traducción, adaptación cultural a un contexto latinoamericano, así como la consistencia interna y validez de constructo de la Escala de Continuidad de Servicios de Salud Mental de Alberta (ACSS-MH). Método: Este instrumento fue sometido a la evaluación de validez de contenido por expertos y este fue aplicado a una población rural en un contexto colombiano. Se realizaron pruebas de consistencia interna y validez de constructo para cada una de las partes de la escala. Resultados: Bajo el consenso del experto, se realizan cambios en algunos ítems, buscando una mejor adaptabilidad del instrumento a las características lingüísticas del español, sin perder de vista el objetivo de evaluación de cada uno de los ítems del cuestionario original. El resultado del análisis de la parte A convergió en 5 componentes que explican el 69,69% de la varianza con 24 ítems; de igual forma, el análisis de la parte B agrupó 13 ítems en cuatro componentes, los cuales explican el 72.02% de la varianza. Conclusiones: este instrumento podría ser implementado para mejorar la prestación de los servicios en salud mental en contextos latinoamericanos, donde la continuidad del cuidado ha presentado importantes dificultades.

Objective: Describe the process of translation, cultural adaptation to Colombia, as well as the internal consistency and construct validity of the Alberta Continuity of Services Scale for Mental Health (ACSS-MH). Methods: This instrument was subdued to the evaluation of validity of the content by experts and this was applied to a rural population in a Colombian context. Were performed tests of internal consistency and construct validity for each of the parts of the scale. Results: Under the consensus of the expert, it is made changes on some items, looking for a better adaptability of the instrument to the linguistic characteristics of Spanish, without losing sight of the evaluation objective of each one of the items on the original questionnaire. The result of the analysis of part A converged in 5 components that explain the 69.69% of the variance with 24 Items; Similarly, the analysis of part B grouped 13 items into four components, which explain the 72.02% of the variance. Discussion: This scale could be implemented to improve the provision of mental health services in Latin American contexts, where continuity of care has presented significant difficulties.

Quality of care for patients with hypertension in selected Health Centres in Rwamagana District, Rwanda

Background Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and its prevalence is high in Rwanda. Rwanda has integrated the management of hypertension in health centres (HCs). However, little is known about the quality of hypertension care in HCs in Rwanda. Study objective To examine the quality of care for patients with hypertension and associated outcome of hypertension control in Health Centres. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used, and data were collected from a convenience sample of 202 patients. A self-reported questionnaire and blood pressure measurement were taken. Data were analysed using descriptive, bivariate, and hierarchical logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 166 (82.2%) patients participated in the study. Of these, 130 (78.3%) were females. Mean age was 57.8 (SD =14.0). The quality of hypertension care process was high with mean score of 5.86 over 7 (SD = 1.4). However, only 30.1% (n = 50/166) had well-controlled hypertension. Comorbidity (OR = 2.3; 95% CI:1.0- 5.1, p =.039) and the quality of care (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1- 2.4, p = .024) were associated with higher odds of having hypertension control. Conclusion Tailored patient-centred primary care interventions that consider comorbidity could contribute to hypertension control in primary HCs in Rwanda.

Actitudes y prácticas clínicas en la insuficiencia cardiaca en médicos de Argentina / Attitudes and Clinical Practice in Heart Failure Among Physicians in Argentina

RESUMEN Introducción: Es necesario identificar áreas de mejora en la atención de los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC), para implementar intervenciones educativas con el fin de optimizar la calidad de atención y los resultados clínicos. Objetivo: Evaluar las actitudes, conocimiento, confianza y formas de atención a pacientes con IC, de médicos de Argentina. Material y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal a través de una encuesta auto administrada para evaluar los patrones de práctica clínica y las actitudes/percepciones relacionadas con el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de pacientes con IC en el ámbito ambulatorio y el hospitalario. Se incluyeron médicos de 22 centros de Argentina que participaron de un programa integral educativo de IC entre marzo y julio de 2021. Resultados: Se encuestaron 50 médicos, con edad media de 41 (±8) años; el 86% eran cardiólogos. En pacientes con fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda deprimida, el 24% inicia con la terapia cuádruple, y privilegia en un 88% los betabloqueantes, 72% los inhibidores duales de la neprilisina y la angiotensina II, 48% los antagonistas de los receptores mineralocorticoides y en el 34% los inhibidores del cotrasportador sodio glucosa 2. El 50% de los encuestados refiere que no llega a alcanzar la cuádruple terapia. El 44% refiere sentirse muy inseguro con el diagnóstico de IC con fracción de eyección preservada. El 46% de los médicos considera relevante la determinación de anemia o ferropenia. Conclusión: Se identificaron brechas de conocimiento en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la IC, especialmente en el diagnóstico de IC con fracción de eyección preservada, y la cuádruple terapia. Esto refuerza la necesidad de implementar estrategias educativas que tengan como foco el conocimiento y seguridad, y las formas de atención.

ABSTRACT Background: It is necessary to identify areas of improvement in the care of heart failure (HF) patients and thus implement educational interventions to optimize quality of care and their clinical outcomes. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate attitudes, knowledge, confidence and care pathways of patients with HF among physicians in Argentina. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-administered survey to evaluate clinical practice patterns, and attitudes/perceptions regarding the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of HF patients in the outpatient and inpatient setting. The survey respondents were physicians from 22 centers in Argentina who participated in a comprehensive educational program for the care of HF patients carried out between March and July 2021. Results: A total of 50 physicians were surveyed; mean age was 41±8 years and 86% were cardiologists. In patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, 24% of the respondents reporting starting with quadruple therapy; 88% chose beta-blockers, 72% dual angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, 48% mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and 34% sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Fifty percent of the survey respondents answered that they do not reach quadruple therapy. Fortyfour percent of physicians reported they felt very uncertain about the diagnosis of HF with preserved ejection fraction, and 46% considered relevant to evaluate the presence of anemia or iron deficiency Conclusion: There are knowledge gaps in the diagnosis and treatment of HF, especially in the diagnosis of HF with preserved ejection fraction, and in the indication of quadruple therapy. This highlights the need for implementing educational strategies that focus on knowledge, confidence, and care pathways.

Clima organizacional y calidad de atención del profesional de la salud de un Centro de Salud de Huánuco, Perú / Organizational Climate and Quality of Care according to Professionals from a Health Center in Huánuco, Peru

Introducción: La calidad constituye un desafío y una prioridad en las instituciones de servicios de salud y uno de los aspectos principales y más influyentes para el logro de este atributo es el clima organizacional. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre el clima organizacional y la calidad de atención. Métodos: Estudio observacional, de corte transversal y de tipo correlacional realizado el año 2020 en profesionales de la salud del Centro de Salud "Aparicio Pomares" de Huánuco, Perú. Población conformada por 53 trabajadores. Se aplicó el cuestionario de clima organizacional y el cuestionario de calidad de atención. El análisis de los datos consistió en el contraste de correlaciones de Rho de Spearman. Resultados: En general, el clima organizacional promedio fue de 3,43 (de 1 a 5) y la calidad de atención promedia fue de 3,44 (de 1 a 5). Se encontró relación significativa entre el clima organizacional y la calidad de atención, con p ≤ 8804; 0,000. Y, se encontró relación significativa entre la calidad de atención y las dimensiones del clima organizacional como Credibilidad (p ≤ 8804; 0,000), Respeto (p ≤ 0,000), Imparcialidad (p ≤ 8804; 0,000), Orgullo (p ≤ 8804; 0,022) y Camaradería (p ≤ 0,000). Conclusiones: Se evidenció relación entre el clima organizacional y la calidad de atención de los profesionales de Atención Primaria de Salud de un Centro de Salud de Huánuco, Perú(AU)

Introduction: Quality is a challenge and a priority in healthcare institutions. One of the main and most influential aspects for the achievement of this aspect is the organizational climate. Objective: To identify the relationship between organizational climate and quality of care. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted in 2020 with health professionals of Aparicio Pomares de Huánuco Health Center, in Peru. The study population consisted of 53 workers. The organizational climate and quality of care questionnaires were applied. Data analysis consisted in Spearman's rho correlation test. Results: Generally speaking, the average organizational climate was 3.43 and the average quality of care was 3.44, both within a 1-5 scale. A significant relationship was found between organizational climate and quality of care, accounting for P≤ 8804; 0.000. In addition, a significant relationship was found between quality of care and organizational climate dimensions such as credibility (P≤ 8804; 0.000), respect (P ≤ 8804; 0.000), impartiality (P≤ 8804; 0.000), pride (P≤ 8804; 0.022), and camaraderie (P≤ 8804; 0.000). Conclusions: A relationship was shown between the organizational climate and the quality of care in primary level professionals from a Health Center in Huánuco, Peru(AU)

Visión epidemiológica, psicosocial y terapéutica de la diabetes mellitus en Argentina desde las perspectivas del equipo de salud y de las personas con diabetes / Epidemiological, psychosocial and therapeutic vision of diabetes mellitus in Argentina from the perspectives of health team and people with diabetes

Introducción: la diabetes mellitus (DM) genera una pesada carga socioeconómica, y para su abordaje es necesario indagar sobre sus posibles condicionantes para lograr su control, prevención y tratamiento efectivo. Objetivos: entender la problemática de la DM en Argentina y las estrategias para mejorarla según la perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud y de las personas con DM. Materiales y métodos: se implementó un estudio descriptivo con metodología cualitativa basado en la técnica del Metaplan. Se diseñó un cuestionario con dos preguntas (¿Cuáles son a su criterio los problemas que enfrenta la DM en nuestro país?, ¿Qué estrategias emplearía para solucionarlos?), que se distribuyó entre los profesionales de la salud y las personas con DM vía Internet a través de sus respectivas Sociedades, durante junio-julio de 2021. Los participantes (adultos, residentes en Argentina) debían responder hasta cuatro alternativas en cada pregunta. Se revisaron todas las respuestas recibidas, se las agrupó por temas y se las analizó/cuantificó mediante técnicas descriptivas expresando los resultados como porcentajes. Resultados: la muestra final incluyó 404 profesionales del equipo de salud y 272 personas con DM, mayoritariamente con DM1. El análisis demostró que existe: a) una organización deficiente de la cobertura; b) un predominio de hábitos no saludables; c) escasa provisión de educación diabetológica estructurada que dificulta el diagnóstico y el tratamiento adecuado, y falta de capacitación al paciente para participar activa y eficientemente en el control y tratamiento de su enfermedad; d) deficiente calidad de atención. Conclusiones: los resultados, similares a los obtenidos en otros países, sugieren que las estrategias de solución implicarían la restructuración de la formación médica para lograr un balance armónico entre el nivel primario de atención y las especialidades, disminuyendo además la carga psicológica del paciente, la cual se vería facilitada mediante la cooperación armónica de las instituciones educativas y las sociedades científicas, al igual que con una intervención consensuada de diferentes sectores de la sociedad.

Introduction: diabetes mellitus (DM) generates a heavy socioeconomic burden, and to address it, it is necessary to investigate its possible conditioning factors to achieve effective control, prevention, and treatment. Objectives: to understand the problem of diabetes in Argentina, from the perspective of health professionals and people with DM and the strategies to improve it. Materials and methods: it was implemented a descriptive study with qualitative methodology based on the metaplan technique. A questionnaire was designed with two questions (What are, in your opinion, the problems faced by diabetes in our country?, What strategies would you use to solve them?), which was distributed to health professionals and people with DM via the Internet of their respective Societies during JuneJuly 2021. The participants (adults, residents of Argentina) had to answer up to 4 alternatives in each question. All the responses received were reviewed, grouped by topic and analyzed/ quantified using descriptive techniques, expressing the results as percentages. Results: the final sample included 404 professionals from the health team and 272 people with DM: mostly with type 1 DM. The analysis shows that there is: a) a poor organization of coverage; b) a predominance of unhealthy habits; c) scarce provision of structured diabetes education, which makes it difficult to diagnose and adequately treat, and train patients to participate actively and efficiently in the control and treatment of their disease; d) there is a deficient quality of care. Conclusions: our results, similar to those obtained in other countries, suggest that the solution strategies would go through the restructuring of medical training, achieving a harmonious balance between the primary level of care and the specialties, adding a decrease in the psychological burden of the patient. It would be facilitated by the harmonious cooperation of educational institutions and scientific societies. Likewise, through a consensual intervention of different sectors of society.

Hacia una atención de calidad integral en las maternidades con perspectiva de derechos humanos / Towards a comprehensive quality of care in birthing facilities with human rights perspective

Resumen La calidad de la atención obstétrica hoy no solo se limita a tener profesionales con competencias técnicas basadas en evidencia científica, sino que incluye la atención centrada en la mujer, persona gestante y su familia, como expresión del respeto de sus derechos humanos. Este artículo revisa cómo el tema ha sido abordado globalmente y nacionalmente desde la Conferencia de Fortaleza en 1985 hasta la presentación reciente de proyectos de ley en el parlamento chileno.

Abstract Obstetric quality of care today means not only having skilled providers with evidence-based competences but it includes woman, pregnant person and family-centered reproductive health as expression of respect of their human rights. This article reviews how this issue has been approached in a global and national level since Fortaleza Conference in 1985 until recent bills of law proposed before Chilean parliament.

Role of Prescription Practice in Ensuring Patient Safety in the Primary Health-Care Settings in India

“Completeness (a measure of adequacy)” and the “appropriateness (a measure of the quality of care)” are two dimensions of good prescription practice. The study assessed the prescription practices at the primary health centers (PHCs); to demonstrate the effect of individual and system‑level factors, on adequacy and appropriateness of prescription practices, with special reference to e‑prescription over manual prescription given the rising acceptance of teleconsultation in health care. A total of 600 manual and 1000 e‑prescriptions were randomized using a probability‑proportional‑to‑size sampling method to distribute/allocate samples across manual and e‑prescriptions. Findings revealed that while adequacy and appropriateness of prescriptions depend on individual training and clinical practice; adequacy of prescription, especially the manual was compromised by systemic factors, such as nonavailability of space in a prescription, forcing doctors to prioritize documentation of diagnosis, advising tests, and prescribing medicines, over other details (chief complaints and examination findings).

Patient Satisfaction: Key Strategies for Better Health Care Outcomes

Patient satisfaction is the key indicator for evaluation of health care system and measuring quality of care. It affects the quality of care and health outcome. Patient satisfaction is an alternate but an effective indicator to measure the success of nurses and health setting. Patient satisfaction is affected by various factors such as communication skill, interpersonal relationship, quality of care and behaviour of staff. Strategies like effective communication, transparency of health care-related information, empathetic hospital environment and prioritising quality outcome can be used for improving patient satisfaction. Meanwhile, nursing care is major component of healthcare services because nurse spends more time with patient in health care organisation. Therefore, measuring patient satisfaction with nursing care could be effective in improving quality of nursing services.

Effectiveness of quality of care for patients with type 2 diabetes in China: findings from the Shanghai Integration Model (SIM) / 医学前沿

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the quality of care of diabetes in Shanghai, China. A total of 173 235 patients with type 2 diabetes in 2017 were included in the analysis. Profiles of risk factors and intermediate outcomes were determined. The patients had a mean age of 66.43 ± 8.12 (standard deviation (SD)) years and a mean diabetes duration of 7.95 ± 5.53 (SD) years. The percentage of patients who achieved the target level for HbA1c (< 7.0%) was 48.6%. Patients who achieved the target levels for blood pressure (BP) < 130/80 mmHg and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) < 2.6 mmol/L reached 17.5% and 34.0%, respectively. A total of 3.8% achieved all three target levels, and the value increased to 6.8% with an adaptation of the BP target level (< 140/90 mmHg) for those over 65 years. Multivariable analysis identified the factors associated with a great likelihood of achieving all three target levels: male, young age, short diabetes duration, low body mass index, macrovascular complications, no microvascular complications, prescribed with lipid-lowering medication, and no prescription of antihypertensive medication. In conclusion, nearly 50% and one-third of the patients with diabetes met the target levels for HbA1c and LDL-c, respectively, with a low percentage achieving the BP target level. The percentage of patients who achieved all three target levels needs significant improvement.

Analysis on the effect of PDCA cycle method to promote the management of key monitoring drug / 药学实践杂志

Objective To observe the effect of applying PDCA cycle method to promote the management of key monitoring drug, and provide a basis for the management of key monitoring drug in medical institutions. Methods To compare the consumption of drugs and prescription reviews before and after the adoption of PDCA management in a hospital. The control group was the inpatients with traditional management method in 2019, and the observation group was the inpatients with PDCA method in 2020. Results After the implementation of PDCA cycle, the consumption amount of key monitoring drugs decreased significantly (P<0.001); The problems of irrational prescription such as drug use without indication, repeated drug use, inappropriate dosage and route of administration, and long course of treatment were effectively controlled (P<0.05). The qualified rate of prescription increased from 65.96% to 90.76% (χ2=27.010, P<0.001). The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly decreased (χ2 =37.044, P<0.001). Conclusion PDCA method aims at continuous closed-loop management of key monitoring drugs in medical institutions, which can control drug costs to the greatest extent, reduce the economic burden of patients, promote rational drug use, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, and ensure the quality of medical care.

Medición de la calidad de atención de enfermería en Colombia: una revisión integrativa / Measurement of the quality of nursing care in Colombia: an integrative review

Descripción: Identificar los instrumentos de medición de la calidad de atención de enfermería y calidad de cuidados de enfermería validados en Colombia desde el año 2000 hasta el 2021. Realizar un análisis de cada uno de los instrumentos, tipos de estudios y estudios de validación, así mismo describir las dimensiones relacionadas con la calidad de la atención de Enfermería de cada uno, describir cuales son los instrumentos más y evaluar si presentan un alto grado de reproducibilidad Metodología: Revisión integrativa, estudio de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo, con búsqueda de productos académicos publicados desde el año 2000 hasta el año 2021, que realicen la medición de la calidad de atención o cuidados de enfermería en Colombia. Se realiza con los parámetros de revisión integrativa con el modelo de Whitemore en 5 fases. (AU)

Description Identify the instruments for measuring the quality of nursing care and quality of nursing care validated in Colombia from 2000 to 2021. Perform an analysis of each of the instruments, types of studies and validation studies, as well as describe the dimensions related to the quality of each nursing care, describe which are the most common instruments and assess whether they present a high degree of reproducibility. Methodology: Integrative review, a descriptive, retrospective study, with a search for academic products published from 2000 to 2021, which measure the quality of nursing care or care in Colombia. It is performed with the integrative review parameters with the Whittemore model in 5 phases. (AU)

Cuidado centrado no paciente uma análise conceitual à luz do Método Evolucionário de Rodgers / Patient-centered care: a conceptual analysis in light of Rodgers' evolutionary method / Atención centrada en el paciente: un análisis conceptual a la luz del método evolutivo de los Rodgers

Objetivo: analisar o conceito do "cuidado centrado no paciente" à luz do método evolucionário de Rodgers. Método: trata-se de uma análise conceitual referenciada pelo Método Evolucionário de Rodgers acerca do conceito "cuidado centrado no paciente". Os dados quantitativos foram analisados com estatística descritiva simples e os qualitativos, pela análise similitude, com o apoio do software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRaMuTeQ). Resultados: a percepção dos autores sobre o conceito em análise retrata o paciente como elemento basilar da discussão e apontam como vocábulos que tangenciam essa centralidade: saúde, cuidado, necessidade, processo. Conclusão: revelou-se a heterogeneidade de termos substitutos empregados para o termo em estudo e por conseguinte a ausência de padronização conceitual

Objective: to analyze the concept of "patient-centered care" in the light of Rodgers' evolutionary method. Method: this is a conceptual analysis referenced by Rodgers' Evolutionary Method about the concept "patient-centered care". Quantitative data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics and qualitative data using similarity analysis, with the support of the software Interface de R pour les Analyzes Multidimensionnelles by Textes et de Questionnaires (IRaMuTeQ). Results: the authors' perception of the concept under analysis portrays the patient as a basic element of the discussion and points out as words that touch upon this centrality: health, care, need, process. Conclusion: the heterogeneity of substitute terms used for the term under study was revealed and, consequently, the absence of conceptual standardization. Descriptors: Patient-Centered Care; Concept Formation; Quality of Care and Patient Safety

Objetivo: analizar el concepto de "atención centrada en el paciente" a la luz del método evolutivo de Rodgers. Método: se trata de un análisis conceptual referenciado por el Método Evolutivo de Rodgers sobre el concepto de "atención centrada en el paciente". Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva simple y los datos cualitativos mediante análisis de similitud, con el apoyo del software Interface de R pour les Analyzes Multidimensionalelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRaMuTeQ). Resultados: la percepción de los autores sobre el concepto analizado retrata al paciente como elemento básico de la discusión y apunta como palabras que tocan esta centralidad: salud, cuidado, necesidad, proceso. Conclusión: se puso de manifiesto la heterogeneidad de los términos sustitutos utilizados para el término en estudio y, en consecuencia, la ausencia de estandarización conceptual

Qualidade do cuidado de saúde e segurança do idoso hospitalizado em terapia nutricional enteral (TNE) / Quality of health care and safety of hospitalized elderly in enteral nutritional therapy (ENT)

Os eventos adversos (EA) ocasionados pelo uso da Terapia Nutricional Enteral (TNE) acarretam desde complicações respiratórias, prolongamento da hospitalização a óbitos. Os idosos, devido ao agravamento das doenças crônicas, múltiplas comorbidades e ao próprio processo de envelhecimento, podem ser mais suscetíveis à essas complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e propor estratégias de intervenção que possam melhorar a qualidade do cuidado de saúde e segurança do paciente idoso hospitalizado em TNE, identificando os eventos adversos e os possíveis fatores que contribuem para a sua ocorrência. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados do MEDLINE, Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science e CINAHL, no período de 9 de dezembro de 2021 a 28 de janeiro de 2022. Foram analisadas 51 publicações em inglês, português e espanhol, que respondiam à pergunta norteadora deste estudo. Dezoito artigos versavam exclusivamente sobre a população idosa. Os eventos adversos advindos da TNE foram classificados em EA Mecânicos e Outros. Os EA Mecânicos foram desmembrados em: posicionamento inadequado das sondas nasogástricas/nasoentéricas (SNG/SNE); obstrução das SNG/SNE; e remoção acidental das SNG/SNE. As estratégias que contribuiriam para a redução ou prevenção da ocorrência de eventos adversos advindos de SNG/SNE, indicam a cultura de segurança como essencial para a gestão das instituições de saúde. A padronização das condutas com utilização de protocolos técnicos com embasamento científico, o uso de métodos confiáveis para a verificação do posicionamento das SNG/SNE, a comunicação efetiva entre os profissionais da equipe, a capacitação profissional contínua, a responsabilidade conjunta da equipe multiprofissional e o incentivo às notificações voluntárias para o replanejamento das ações contribuem para a construção de barreiras de segurança efetivas.

The adverse events (AE) caused by the use of Enteral Nutritional Therapy (ENT) cause from respiratory complications, prolongation of hospitalization to deaths. The elderly, due to worsening of chronic diseases, multiple comorbidities and the aging process itself, may be more susceptible to these complications. The aim of this study was to identify and propose intervention strategies that can improve the quality of health care and safety of elderly patients hospitalized with NICT, identifying adverse events and possible factors that contribute to their occurrence. An integrative literature review was conducted using the MEDLINE, Scopus (Elsevier), Web of Science and CINAHL databases from December 9, 2021 to January 28, 2022. We analyzed 51 publications in English, Portuguese, and Spanish that answered the guiding question of this study. Eighteen articles were exclusively about the elderly population. The adverse events resulting from NTT were classified as Mechanical AEs and Other AEs. Mechanical AE were divided into: inadequate positioning of nasogastric/nasoenteric probes (SNG/NEG); SNG/NEG obstruction; and accidental removal of SNG/NEG. The strategies that would contribute to the reduction or prevention of adverse events arising from SNG/SNS indicate the safety culture as essential for the management of health institutions. The standardization of procedures with the use of scientifically based technical protocols, the use of reliable methods to verify the positioning of the SNG/SNS, effective communication between team professionals, continuous professional training, the joint responsibility of the multidisciplinary team and encouraging voluntary notifications for the replanning of actions contribute to the construction of effective safety barriers.

Qualidade do cuidado em instituições de longa permanência para idosos: criação e validação de instrumento de autoavaliação / Quality of care in Long-term Care Institutions for the Elderly: creation and validation of a self-assessment instrument

O acelerado envelhecimento populacional aumenta a necessidade de cuidado de longo prazo, que deve ser avaliado para garantir melhor saúde e satisfação dos idosos, gerar comparação e influenciar a escolha das instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI). Trata-se de um estudo metodológico dividido em três fases. Seus objetivos são conhecer as teorias, elaborar e validar instrumento de autoavaliação da qualidade do cuidado em ILPI. A primeira fase foi uma revisão de escopo com a pergunta: Quais os modelos teóricos têm sido utilizados para definir e avaliar a qualidade do cuidado ofertado às pessoas idosas em ILPI? Foram encontrados 1.209 artigos, 80 separados para leitura completa e 21 incluídos para análise final. A maioria dos autores, 47%, usou o modelo multidimensional, que define várias dimensões para a avalição, desenvolvido para pessoas idosas institucionalizadas. O modelo estrutura, processo e resultados, muito usado na indústria, foi bastante encontrado. A teoria centrada na pessoa, em que a qualidade percebida pelo idoso reflete a qualidade recebida, e a centrada no ambiente de trabalho, a qual relaciona o processo de trabalho com a qualidade, foram vistas em menor número. Existem poucos modelos teóricos para embasar a construção de indicadores e modelos de avaliação, que deveriam preferencialmente ser usados para melhor aprofundamento e direcionamento da avaliação do cuidado. Na segunda fase do estudo foi elaborado e validado um instrumento para autoavaliação da qualidade do cuidado em ILPI, realizado entre março e dezembro de 2021, em três etapas. Na primeira, foi realizada a construção do instrumento baseado no modelo multidimensional de qualidade, por ser o mais abrangente, na legislação brasileira e na pesquisa bibliográfica. As dimensões utilizadas foram: ambiente, lar, cuidado, envolvimento familiar e da comunidade, equipe de trabalho e gestão. Para cada uma foram criados indicadores de avaliação. Na segunda, realizou-se a validação pela Técnica Delphi modificada, por meio eletrônico, com 10 experts, escolhidos por experiência e afinidade com o tema. Para que o indicador fosse mantido foi necessário consenso mínimo de 75%. Cada indicador foi analisado quanto à pertinência para avaliação tanto da qualidade da ILPI como da dimensão correspondente, à adequação dos objetivos, à redação e à escala de avaliação. Os experts puderam dar sugestões de redação e fazer comentários. Na terceira, foi realizada a avaliação do instrumento por 10 gestores, para validação final. Permaneceram 29 dos 35 indicadores divididos em seis dimensões. A terceira fase do estudo consistiu no desenvolvimento de um produto técnico, um guia para utilização do instrumento pelos coordenadores de ILPI. Pode-se concluir que a qualidade do cuidado em ILPI revelou-se multidimensional, envolvendo vários sujeitos, variando de acordo com o tempo e cultura. O instrumento pode ser utilizado para monitoramento e acompanhamento de ações das ILPI, para constante melhoria do cuidado, contínuo aperfeiçoamento e qualificação da atenção e comparação entre as ILPI.

The future aging of the population will increase the need for better long-term care, which must be evaluated to generate the health and longevity of the elderly and influence the choice of long-term care institutions for the elderly (LTC). This is a methodological study divided into three phases. The objectives are to know the theories, elaborate and validate an instrument of self-assessment of quality of care in LTC. The first phase was a scoping review with the question: What theoretical models have been used to define and evaluate the quality of care offered to elderly people in LTC? A total of 1,209 articles were found, 80 separated for full reading and 21 included for final analysis. Most authors, 47%, used the multidimensional model, which defines several dimensions for the assessment, developed for institutionalized elderly people. The structure, process, and results model, used in the industry, was widely found. The person-centered theory, in which the quality perceived by the elderly reflects the quality received, and the work environment-centered theory, which relates the work process to quality, were seen in smaller numbers. There are few theoretical models to support the construction of indicators and evaluation models, which should preferably be used to better deepen and direct the evaluation of care. In the second phase of the study, an instrument for self-assessment of the quality of care in LTC was developed and validated, carried out between March and December 2021, in three stages. In the first, the construction of the instrument was carried out based on a multidimensional model of quality, as it is the most comprehensive, Brazilian legislation and bibliographic research. The dimensions used were environment, home, care, family and community involvement, work team and management. For each one, evaluation indicators were created. In the second, validation by the modified Delphi Technique was performed, by electronic means, with 10 experts, chosen by experience and affinity with the theme. For the indicator to be maintained, a minimum consensus of 75% was required. Each indicator was analyzed in terms of relevance for evaluating both the quality of the LTC and the corresponding dimension, the adequacy of objectives, the wording, and the evaluation scale. The experts were able to give writing suggestions and make comments. In the third, the instrument was evaluated by 10 managers for final validation. 29 of the 35 indicators divided into six dimensions remained. The third phase of the study consisted in the development of a technical product, a guide for the use of the instrument by the LTC coordinators. It can be concluded that the quality of care in LTC proved to be multidimensional, involving several subjects, varying according to time and culture. The instrument can be used to monitor and follow-up LTC actions, for constant progress in care, continuous improvement and qualification of health care and comparison between LTC.

Information realization of nursing quality sensitive index data based on failure mode and effect analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To monitor and collect data information through failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and establish a data information system for nursing quality sensitive indicators.Methods:From July 2019 to July 2021, FMEA was used to evaluate the formation process of nursing quality sensitive index data, formulate specific improvement measures, and compare the proportion of risk priority index (risk priority number, RPN) value and index data informatization before and after the implementation.Results:Before the application of FMEA in nursing quality sensitive index data information management, the RPN value of index data element confirmation, index definition understanding, record specification, problem solving limitation, information communication and system data integration were (362.00 ± 101.56), (539.90 ± 174.39), (603.20 ± 128.71), (395.10 ± 184.83), (448.90 ± 185.58), (334.80 ± 107.74) points, while those after the intervention were (17.10 ± 9.96), (30.90 ± 31.66), (42.40 ± 28.99), (30.30 ± 33.94), (16.30 ± 17.02), (18.90 ± 19.27) points, with statistical significance ( t values were 9.11 to 14.74, all P<0.05). The proportion of sensitive index data informatization increased from 46.43% (39/84) to 95.51%(85/89). Conclusions:Using FMEA mode to manage the data information is effective and feasible for the realization of sensitive index information data.

Satisfacción con el servicio de posortodoncia de la Universidad Santo Tomás según métricas Lean-Six-Sigma / SatisfactionService Post-Orthodontic University Santo Tomas According ToLean-Six-Sigma Metrics

Introducción: La metodología Lean-Six-Sigma es utilizada actualmente en el área de la salud con el objeto de mejorar la calidad y competitividad de los servicios; pero aún no se tienen reportes de su uso en el área de ortodoncia. Objetivo: Determinar la satisfacción posortodoncia por medio de niveles sigma de los pacientes que asisten a una clínica docente-asistencial en Bucaramanga, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 100 pacientes de ambos sexos, que ya habían concluido el tratamiento de ortodoncia. Se seleccionó toda la población que hubiera finalizado el tratamiento entre julio de 2017 y junio 2018 de acuerdo con criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se realizó una encuesta telefónica de 17 preguntas y siete dimensiones de satisfacción. La confiabilidad del cuestionario se evaluó con la consistencia interna del cuestionario mediante el alpha de Cronbach en el que se obtuvo 0,87, y para la validez se utilizó el método de Lawshe. Se usó la metodología Lean-Six-Sigma para evaluar la calidad de la satisfacción; se presentan los resultados en porcentaje y niveles sigma. Resultados: La calidad en satisfacción en el servicio fue de 91,27 por ciento (medido convencionalmente) y 1,36 sigmas; en el grupo de 16-19 años fue de 93,6 por ciento y 1,52 sigmas; y para el grupo de más de 27 años, 84,9 por ciento y 1,03 sigmas. El sexo femenino reportó un 88,57 por ciento y 1,2 sigmas, mientras que el masculino, 93,46 por ciento y 1,51 sigmas. Conclusiones: Los resultados de satisfacción en ortodoncia, medidos por métodos convencionales, mostraron porcentajes aceptables, pero mostraron resultados incompetentes al medirse con niveles sigma, lo cual indica que existen problemas ocultos por identificar y que corresponderían a una siguiente investigación(AU)

Introduction: The Lean-Six-Sigma methodology is currently used in the health area in order to improve the quality and competitiveness of services; but there are still no reports of its use in the orthodontic area. Objective : to determine the post-orthodontic satisfaction by means of sigma levels of the patients who attend a teaching-assistance clinic in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods: Observational descriptive cross-sectional study. Population: 100 patients (female and male) who finish orthodontic treatment. Sample selection method: the entire population that had completed the treatment between July 2017 and June 2018 was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. A telephone survey of 17 questions and seven dimensions of satisfaction was carried out. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated with the internal consistency of the questionnaire by means of the Cronbach's alpha in which 0.87 was obtained, and the Lawshe method was used for validity. The Lean-Six-Sigma methodology was used to assess the quality of satisfaction; Results are presented in percentage and sigma levels. Results: The quality of service satisfaction was 91.27 percent (conventionally measured) and 1.36 sigmas; in the group of 16 to 19 years it was 93.6 percent and 1.52 sigmas; and for the group over 27 years old, 84.9 percent and 1.03 sigma. The female sex reported 88.57 percent and 1.2 sigmas, and the male reported 93.46 percent with 1.51 sigmas. Conclusions: The satisfaction results in orthodontics, measured by conventional methods, showed acceptable percentages, but showed incompetent results when measured with sigma levels, which indicates that there are hidden problems to be identified and that they would correspond to a subsequent investigation(AU)

Calidad de atención y mejora continua en el abordaje integral del cáncer de mama: Evaluación de indicadores en una Unidad de Mastología / Quality of care and continous improvement in a comprehensive approach of breast cancer management: evaluation of indicators in a breast center

Introducción: las Unidades de Mastología son organizaciones que tienen por objetivo abordar la patología mamaria de manera multidisciplinaria e integral. A nivel mundial se han implementado programas para evaluar la calidad de atención a través del cumplimiento de indicadores propuestos por Sociedades Científicas u organismos gubernamentales. Algunos de estos han sido propuestos y revisados por la Sociedad Europea de Mastología (EUSOMA). Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de atención de la Unidad de Mastología del Hospital Juan A. Fernández a través del análisis de una serie de indicadores propuestos por EUSOMA como estándares de calidad de atención en centros de patología mamaria. Material y método: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo analizando la base de datos de las pacientes con cáncer de mama estadios 0 a III operadas entre 2015 y 2019. Se analizaron 25 indicadores de procesos propuestos por EUSOMA en 2017. Se registraron las características de la población, y el porcentaje de pacientes en las cuales se cumple la condición de cada uno de los indicadores. Se registró si el indicador alcanza o supera el mínimo estándar, o si alcanza o supera el valor ideal. Resultados: se evaluaron 284 pacientes. Se observó el cumplimiento de la mayoría de los estándares propuestos (18 de 25), alcanzando o superando en el 25% de los indicadores evaluados el valor ideal. Se lograron alcanzar los estándares de calidad de atención relacionados con el diagnóstico clínico y preoperatorio, caracterización anatomopatológica completa en carcinoma invasor, evaluación multidisciplinaria, tratamiento quirúrgico primario en carcinoma invasor e in situ. Se alcanzaron los objetivos tendientes a evitar el sobretratamiento quirúrgico en carcinoma invasor y en cirugía conservadora en carcinoma in situ. En relación a los tratamientos adyuvantes, se alcanzaron los estándares relacionados con radioterapia post cirugía conservadora y post mastectomía, así como también el tratamiento con hormonoterapia y quimioterapia. El seguimiento de los pacientes se realizó en tiempo en tiempo y forma de acuerdo al indicador establecido. Existen 3 indicadores de calidad obligatorios en los que no se alcanzó el estándar mínimo: se observó la necesidad de mejorar la accesibilidad a los tratamientos antiHer2neu en neoadyuvancia, y de reducir los tiempos de espera al inicio del tratamiento. Conclusiones: se observó el cumplimiento de la mayoría de los estándares propuestos. Dado que existen indicadores obligatorios en los que no se alcanzó el estándar mínimo, los esfuerzos primarios deberán centrarse prioritaria e inicialmente en diseñar una planificación que permita alcanzar estos objetivos, así como también mantener en el tiempo los valores positivos ya alcanzados. Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de implementar políticas a nivel sanitario nacional que permitan mejorar la accesibilidad a medicación oncológica. A su vez, destacamos la importancia de definir indicadores propios con valores ajustados a las características de nuestro país y mantener una evaluación periódica de la calidad de atención a través de los mismos.

Introduction: Breast Units are organizations that manage Breast Cancer in a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Worlwide, programs have been developed in order to evaluate quality of care through the achievement of certain standards of care that have been proposed by scientific organizations, medical associations or government health departments. Some of these indicators have beeb proposed by the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialist (EUSOMA). Objective: to evaluate quality of care in the Breast Unit at Hospital Juan A Fernández (Buenos Aires, Argentina) through the analysis of a series of indicators described by EUSOMA as standard of care in breast centers. Material and method: we performed a descriptive, retrospective analysis of our database including patients with breast cancer stage 0 to III that wer treated between 2015 and 2019. We studied 25 quality of care process indicators proposed by EUSOMA in 2017. We registered population characteristics and the percentage of patients in which each indicator mínimum requirements were achieved. We also studied whether our results achieved or were beyond the ideal targets for each indicator. Results: a total of 284 patients were evaluated. The mínimum standard of care was achieved in most of the evaluated indicators (18 of 25) and in 25% of these, our results achieved or exce3ded the ideal requirements. The indicators in which the mínimum or ideal standard of care was accomplished were regarding clinical and preoperative diagnosis anatomopathological characterisation in invasive breast cancer, multidisciplinary approach, primary surgical management in invasive and in situ breast cancer, avoidanc of overtreatement in invasive breast cancer and breast conserving therapy in carcinoma in situ. Regarding adjuvant treatment, the standard of care was achieved in radiotherapy after breast conserving surgery and after mastectomy, endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. The follow up timing was according to the indicator. There were 3 mandatory indicators in which the mínimum standards were not achieved and were regarding accesibility to anti Her2neu agents in neoadjuvant setting, and timing form diagnosis to firts treatment. Conclusions: we observed that out Breast Unit achieved most of the quality of care indicators described by EUSOMA. However, there 3 mandatory indicators where the results were below the mínimum. This is why future efforts should be focused on designing and planning new measures that will allow these objectives to be accomplished, as well as maintaining what has already been achived. Our results also show the imperious need to implement national public health pólices that would grant a better accesiblility to oncologic medications. We also analysed the importance of defining our own local quality of care indicators in relation to our health policies and current situation, as well as the importance of a continuous evaluation of quality of care through these indicators.